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Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa, by Catherine Higgs
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“Catherine Higgs’s Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa is an elegantly written, well-illustrated account of the ensuing investigations into this so-called new slavery in Africa orchestrated largely by Cadbury and the British Foreign Office. …[The] study resonates today, dealing, as it does, with the often tainted international origins of our later era of mass consumerism.” —American Historical Review
In Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa, Catherine Higgs traces the early-twentieth-century journey of the Englishman Joseph Burtt to the Portuguese colony of S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe—the chocolate islands—through Angola and Mozambique, and finally to British Southern Africa. Burtt had been hired by the chocolate firm Cadbury Brothers Limited to determine if the cocoa it was buying from the islands had been harvested by slave laborers forcibly recruited from Angola, an allegation that became one of the grand scandals of the early colonial era. Burtt spent six months on S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe and a year in Angola. His five-month march across Angola in 1906 took him from innocence and credulity to outrage and activism and ultimately helped change labor recruiting practices in colonial Africa.
This beautifully written and engaging travel narrative draws on collections in Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Africa to explore British and Portuguese attitudes toward work, slavery, race, and imperialism. In a story still familiar a century after Burtt’s sojourn, Chocolate Islands reveals the idealism, naivety, and racism that shaped attitudes toward Africa, even among those who sought to improve the conditions of its workers.
- Sales Rank: #963604 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-07-03
- Released on: 2012-07-03
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
“Catherine Higgs writes about the chocolate islands with clarity and conviction, commanding the evidence while presenting an argument about the ‘dignity of labor’ with an elegance of style. In terms of presentation, research and structure, the book is a tour de force.”
— David Birmingham, author of Portugal and Africa and Trade and Empire in the Atlantic, 1400 to 1600
“Higgs offers a well-researched examination of the dynamics of race, labor, and colonialism in the early part of the twentieth century.”
— Booklist
“Like Adam Hochschild’s King Leopold’s Ghost, Catherine Higgs takes us into another ‘heart of darkness’ of colonial rule. Chocolate Islands is a compelling read examining how the British chocolate firm Cadbury Brothers investigated the use of slave labor in Portuguese colonies to produce cocoa. It raises challenging questions not only about how a business with a humanitarian streak dealt with the use of forced labor in the early twentieth century, but also about the labor practices of businesses in the twenty-first-century world.”
— Robert Edgar, Howard University, editor of An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche and coauthor of African Apocalypse: The Story of Nontetha Nkwenkwe, a Twentieth-Century South African Prophet
�“A fine, detailed work about the intersection of chocolate and slavery in the first decade of the 20th century.”
—�Library Journal
“Higgs provides a fascinating exploration of the use of forced labor in Portuguese African colonies and the politics of humanitarian investigations in the early 20th century…. This well-written book deserves to be read by scholars of colonial Africa and imperialism. Summing Up: Highly recommended.”
—Choice
“Higgs’s book is a reminder of the relevance of African histories to contemporary questions. There are obvious parallels between the servi�ais and the factory workers of 21st-century China, or the cleaners and service providers of Dubai. Modern Western democracies may be founded on ideologies of freedom, but they have yet to reconcile these ideologies with what used to be known as the ‘labour question’. The intellectual incoherence of late capitalism emerges nowhere more starkly than in the paradox of the coercive labour regimes needed to facilitate unlimited free consumption.”
—�London Review of Books
“An excellent study…illustrated by numerous contemporary photographs…. (Joseph) Burtt's correspondence with Cadbury, together with his report and writings, form the basis of a large part of Higgs's skillfully written and important book, which critically reassesses Cadbury's struggle between moral integrity and the need for competitively priced cocoa.”
— African Affairs
“Higgs's accessible and graceful prose captures the complexities, contingencies, and contradictions of Burtt's voyage…. A fascinating journey approachable for scholars and casual readers.”
— The Historian
About the Author
Catherine Higgs is an associate professor of history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is the author of The Ghost of Equality: The Public Lives of D.D.T. Jabavu of South Africa, 1885–1959, and coeditor of Stepping Forward: Black Women in Africa and the Americas, both published by Ohio University Press.
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Just what the teachers wanted.
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Good book, tough subject.
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